The Finnish driver's best lap was .069 seconds quicker than his Mercedes teammate Lewis Hamilton, who leads the championship after winning four of the first six races.
Hamilton, a six-time F1 champion and the only Black driver in the sport, said he supported the boycotts but that similar measures in Europe wouldn't have the same impact.
The Formula One on Tuesday added four more races to the 2020 calendar, adding that a limited number of fans will be allowed in in a "number of races."
The talk before the race was whether Mercedes' tires would be vulnerable in the searing summer heat of Spain, after experiencing problems in the last two races at Silverstone.
Bottas was ahead of championship leader Hamilton on the first two splits but lost a fraction of time when he came out too wide from a turn at the end of his lap
Hamilton was 0.151 seconds clear of Mercedes teammate Valtteri Bottas and 0.515 in front of Red Bull's Max Verstappen. McLaren's Carlos Sainz Jr. showed impressive pace and ended fourth.
The championship leader finished .287 ahead of Bottas, who had been quicker than Hamilton earlier in first practice.
The Finnish driver was .039 quicker than championship leader Hamilton and about 1 second ahead of Max Verstappen
Racing Point's Sergio Perez has tested negative for coronavirus and will return to F1 with this week's Spanish Grand Prix.
Brawn was team principal at Benetton in 1994 and 1995 and later headed Ferrari between 2000 and 2004 during which Schumacher had won his seven world championship titles driving for both teams.
Raikkonen has now raced a total of 16,845 laps in his career and he went past Schumacher's mark, who had raced a total of 16,825 laps during the course of his illustrious career.
Following his first pitstop on Sunday, Vettel joined the traffic and was heard over radio as saying: "You know you messed up."
The Red Bull driver crossed the line at Silverstone 11.3 seconds clear of Hamilton, with Valtteri Bottas third.
Hamilton's teammate Valtteri Bottas saw his tyre deflate two laps before the finish at the British Grand Prix last week and the same fate awaited the Brit on the final lap.
Bottas took his first pole since the opening race of the pandemic-delayed season in Austria, which he went on to win.
The six-time world champion, who was quickest at Silverstone on Friday, saw off Mercedes teammate Valtteri Bottas by 0.163 seconds.
Hamilton beat teammate Valtteri Bottas by .176 seconds in the second session and was .815 faster than the best of the non-Mercedes cars, Daniel Ricciardo in third for Renault.
Bottas posted a lap of 1 minute 26.166 seconds, beating Hamilton's best time by .138 seconds. Max Verstappen was third-fastest for Red Bull in 1:26.893.
The Mexican driver had hoped to return after spending seven days in quarantine, but his Racing Point team said Friday morning he had tested positive.
Perez became the first Formula One driver to test positive for coronavirus, and it had been unclear whether he would be available to drive after the period of quarantine was extended to 10 days.
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