Rohit Sharma was alert at slips to dismiss David Warner for Australia's first wicket on Day 1. He followed suit on Day 2, taking a brilliant catch to remove Australian captain Tim Paine.
Paine, who had just reached his half-century, chased a ball going outside off from Shardul Thakur but found a thick outside edge. Rohit showed quick reflexes to catch the ball, which traveled at a significant pace through the slip cordon.
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Earlier, Australia had ended Day 1 on 274/5.
India have fielded their most inexperienced pace attack since the country's second-ever Test match in 1934. The five Indian bowlers in the Brisbane Test (Mohammed Siraj, Navdeep Saini, Shardul Thakur, T Natarajan and Washington Sundar) have a combined experience of four Tests.
Natarajan and Sundar are making their debut in the longest format of the game.
The four-match series is currently level at 1-1.