The device, called as snow-based triboelectric nanogenerator or snow TENG, is an inexpensive, small, thin and flexible like a sheet of plastic which generates charge through static electricity, produces energy from the exchange of electrons.
Models had predicted that meteoroid impacts could release water from the Moon as a vapour, but scientists had not yet observed the phenomenon.
The phase-4 programme will enable the launch of 2 tonne class of satellites for geo-imaging, navigation, data relay communication and space sciences, an official statement said.
The newly pictured supermassive black hole is a beast with no name, at least not an official one. And what happens next could be cosmically confusing.
This was the mission's first sample obtained using only rotation of the drill bit.
According to the measurements of Chang'e-4, the temperature of the shallow layer of the lunar soil on the far side of the Moon dropped to as low as minus 190 degrees Celsius.
The findings, published in the Science journal, encompass work from 10 research teams and represent 27 months of data collection.
Indian scientists have hailed the compilation of the first ever real images of a blackhole as an "extraordinary feat" that sheds more light on the mysterious, warped region of the space-time fabric and how galaxies like our Milky Way evolve over time.
Assembling data gathered by eight radio telescopes around the world, astronomers created the picture showing the violent neighborhood around a supermassive black hole, the light-sucking monsters of the universe theorized by Einstein more than a century ago and confirmed by observations for decades.
Space radiation could temporarily hinder formation of new cells in brains' memory centres.
Specific microbes in indoor spaces on Earth have been shown to impact human health.
Scientists analysed the composition of rocks ranging from 1,800 million years old to over 3,800 million years old using a range of methods involving photons, electrons, and ions to characterise the composition of graphite and other minerals of potential biogenic origin.
Talking to media after a special presentation on Mission Shakti, Reddy said that the test will work for deterrence in case of space warfare.
In a letter to ISRO Chairman K Sivan, NASA Administrator James Bridenstine said: "based on the guidance received from the White House", he looks forward to continuing to work with ISRO on a host of issues including human space flights.
The spacecraft is operating well and all instruments are collecting science data, sending back normal signals through NASA's Deep Space Network.
The cooperation of NASA with ISRO remains intact, chief of the US space agency James Bridenstine has said, days after he criticised India and termed its anti-satellite weapon test a "terrible thing" for creating about 400 pieces of orbital debris.
Last month, US Vice President Mike Pence urged NASA to return American astronauts to the Moon within five years (by 2024) and warned that if NASA cannot do it, it is NASA, not the mission, that must change.
The apparent presence of methane on Mars has fuelled intense speculation that the gas could emanate from microbial Martians beneath the surface.
NASA's Cassini spacecraft, which conducted closest-ever flybys of Saturn, beamed back detailed images of tiny moons which resemble raviolis nestled in the planet's rings.
The team studied the characteristics of Mars' Recurrent Slope Linea, which are akin to dried, short streams of water that appear on some crater walls on Mars.
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