The ongoing ethnic clashes in Manipur have presented a formidable challenge, requiring a multifaceted and strategic approach to restore peace and stability. The recent proactive measures taken by security forces, particularly in Jiribam, provide valuable insights and a potential model for broader conflict resolution in the state. This article examines the current operational dynamics, identifies key areas for improvement, and suggests strategic measures to ensure a lasting peace in Manipur.
Understanding the ethnic conflict
Manipur's conflict is deeply rooted in ethnic tensions, distinct from typical counter-insurgency scenarios. The deployment of police forces predominantly composed of specific ethnicities in areas with corresponding ethnic majorities has complicated the situation, fostering mistrust among communities and hindering coordinated efforts.
Moreover, the reluctance of police commandos to coordinate with the Army or Assam Rifles has created operational inefficiencies. The primary requirement on the ground is to maintain low anxiety levels among the populace and counter the instigating social media propaganda that fuels the unrest.
Key issues and proposed solutions
Ethnic composition of police forces
The current strategy of deploying police forces based on ethnic composition has not been effective and has deepened ethnic divides. To address this, redeploying these forces to ensure a balanced and neutral presence in conflict zones is essential. Introducing mixed ethnic units could help foster trust and cooperation among different communities.
Coordinated operations and joint command
The lack of coordination between police commandos and the Army or Assam Rifles has impeded effective operations. Establishing a joint operations commander in every area is crucial. The commander should have the authority to coordinate and clear any operation, ensuring seamless integration of efforts across all security agencies. A unified command structure will enhance operational efficiency and reduce the chances of miscommunication and overlapping responsibilities.
Managing social media propaganda
Social media has been a significant instigator in escalating tensions. A dedicated team should be established to monitor and counter false narratives and inflammatory content. This team, comprising experts in information warfare and local cultural dynamics, can play a pivotal role in maintaining calm by providing accurate information and swiftly countering propaganda.
Containment of armed underground cadres
The presence of armed underground cadres outside designated or yet-to-be-designated camps poses a significant threat to peace. Strict monitoring and containment measures need to be implemented. Security forces should increase patrols and surveillance to ensure these elements are confined to their camps, reducing the potential for escalations.
Reevaluation of notified and de-notified areas
The current demarcation of notified and de-notified areas has added to the operational challenges on the ground. A comprehensive review of these boundaries is necessary to reflect the current security dynamics accurately. This reevaluation should be carried out with inputs from all stakeholders, ensuring that the demarcation supports effective operational strategies and does not hinder the movement and activities of security forces.
Proactive measures and success in Jiribam
The proactive measures taken by the Assam Rifles in Jiribam, where they managed to keep the situation under control and foster an atmosphere of mutual trust, offer a model for broader application across Manipur. Their approach, which combined immediate containment with efforts to build community trust, was instrumental in preventing the situation from escalating into widespread violence.
The deployment of mixed units, the establishment of joint operations commanders, and the containment of underground cadres are all strategies that can be applied state-wide. Moreover, the success in Jiribam underscores the importance of a unified command structure, where security forces work in coordination rather than in isolation.
The way forward for Manipur
To restore normalcy in Manipur, it is crucial to adopt a strategy that emphasizes coordination, neutrality, and proactive engagement. The Assam Rifles and the Army have demonstrated their effectiveness in managing crises, and their continued leadership, supported by a unified command structure, can ensure sustained peace efforts.
Relegating the police forces to a supportive role, while allowing the Assam Rifles and the Army to take the lead, could significantly enhance the effectiveness of operations. This approach would not only ensure a more neutral and professional handling of the situation but also help build trust among the local population.
The distrust among communities can only be bridged with dialogue. There is a considerable absence of CSOs who can take lead. The other communities/ CSOs of Manipur should take lead to start the process of communication. Infact neutral bodies from neighbouring states can also be involved.
Conclusion
The ethnic conflict in Manipur requires a delicate and strategic approach to restore peace. By addressing issues such as the ethnic composition of police forces, ensuring coordinated operations, managing social media propaganda, containing armed underground cadres, and reevaluating area demarcations, a path to normalcy can be forged. The proactive measures taken in Jiribam provide a strong foundation for these efforts. With continued leadership and strategic adjustments, Manipur can move towards a stable and prosperous future.
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