CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida: NASA is sending four identical spacecraft on a billion-dollar mission to study the explosive give-and-take of the Earth and sun's magnetic fields.
Liftoff of the unmanned Atlas rocket -- and NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft -- was set for 10:44 p.m. (0344 GMT) Thursday. Everything was going well in the countdown as the sun set, and the chance of good weather improved to 80 percent.
The quartet will be launched into an oblong orbit stretching tens of thousands of miles into the magnetosphere -- nearly halfway to the moon at one point. They will fly in pyramid formation, between 6 miles (10 kilometers) and 250 miles (400 kilometers) apart, to provide 3-D views of magnetic reconnection on the smallest of scales.
Magnetic reconnection is what happens when magnetic fields like those around Earth and the sun come together, break apart, then come together again, releasing vast energy. This repeated process drives the aurora, as well as solar storms that can disrupt communications and power on Earth. Data from this two-year mission should help scientists better understand so-called space weather.
Each observatory resembles a giant octagonal wheel, stretching more than 11 feet (3 meters) across and 4 feet (1 meter) high, and weighing 3,000 pounds (1,300 kilograms) apiece. They're numbered and stacked like tires on top of the rocket, with No. 4 popping free first more than an hour after liftoff, followed every five minutes by another.
Once the long, sensor-laden booms are extended a few days into the flight, each spacecraft could span a baseball field.
Principal investigator Jim Burch from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio said measurements will be made down to the electron scale, significantly smaller than previous heliophysics missions. In all, there are 100 science sensors.
The findings from the $1.1 billion mission will be useful in understanding magnetic reconnection throughout the universe. Closer to home, space weather scientists along with everyone on Earth hopefully will benefit.
"We're not setting out here to solve space weather," Burch said. "We're setting out to learn the fundamental features of magnetic reconnection because that's what drives space weather."
