In 1956, Mujib became Industries and Commerce Minister in the second coalition government. After Field Marshal Ayub Khan suspended the Pakistani constitution in 1958, Mujib ws arrested and put in jail till 1961. He then organised an underground outfit named Swadhin Bangla Biplobi Parishad.
After Suhrawardy's death in 1963, Mujib headed the Awami League, which emerged as one of the largest political parties in Pakistan. In 1964, Mujiv was arrested an d jailed for a year on sedition charge. During this period, Pakistani army committed atrocities on Bengalis.
In 1966, Mujib proclaimed a six-point plan called Our Charter of Survival at a conference of opposition parties in Lahore, demanding self-government and autonomy.