Hitler In 1934, a year after the Nazis took power in Germany, Adolf Hitler carried out a purge of political and military rivals known as ``The Night of the Long Knives.''
Among its victims was one of his top rivals, Ernst Roehm, the leader of the Sturmabteilung storm troopers, who was arrested and shot.
A spinoff group, the SS became unchallenged and the most powerful instrument of Nazi power.