Aspirin may curb colorectal cancer recurrence, tumour growth
The benefits of daily aspirin may extend beyond heart health to colorectal cancer treatment, say, researchers, adding that they have found that aspirin appears to reduce tumour growth and inhibit recurrence of the disease.
The trick now is to determine the right dosage of aspirin that can be used as a daily prophylactic without triggering dangerous side effects such as stomach and brain bleeds, the research said.
"Some might say aspirin is a 'miracle drug' because of its potential to prevent diseases that result from chronic inflammation, such as cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and arthritis," said Indian-origin study researcher Ajay Goel from the City of Hope clinic in the US.
The reason aspirin isn't currently being used to prevent these diseases is that taking too much of any anti-inflammatory eats at the stomach's mucus lining and causes gastrointestinal and other problems.
"We are getting closer to discovering the right amount of daily aspirin needed to treat and prevent colorectal cancer without causing scary side effects," Goel added.
The study, published in the journal Carcinogenesis, used mouse models and mathematical modeling to parallel the amount of daily aspirin people in the US and Europe are taking in clinical trials.
The research team tested three varying daily doses of aspirin in four colorectal cancer cell lines, including tumours with microsatellite instability and mutations in the PIK3CA gene, which has been tied to increased risk of endometrial, colon and aggressive breast cancers.
Then the researchers divided 432 mice into four groups: control, low-dose aspirin (15mg/kg), medium-dose aspirin (50mg/kg) and high-dose aspirin (100mg/kg) -- the mouse equivalent of 100mg, 300mg and 600mg for humans.
The tumours from three mice in each treatment group were analysed on days three, five, seven, nine and 11.
Researchers inspected "cellular apoptosis" (programmed cell death) and found that the percentage of cells programmed to die increased in all cell lines.
Exactly how much, however, depended on the amount of aspirin that was consumed, suggesting that aspirin triggers a domino effect of cell death in all colorectal cell lines regardless of genetic background.
The research found that as the aspirin doses increased, the rate of cell death increased while the division rates of cells decreased, meaning tumour cells were more likely to die and not proliferate.
Notably, the scientists observed that low-dose aspirin was especially effective in suppressing tumour growth in animal models that had more PIK3CA genes.
The finding was significant because the mutated version of these genes has been associated with increased risk of certain cancers, the researchers said.
"We are now working with some of the people conducting those human clinical trials to analyse data and use mathematical modelling. This process adds a layer of confidence to the findings and guides future human trial designs," Goel said.
