Ovarian cancer, a silent and deadly disease, emerged as the third most common gynaecological cancer globally in 2020. While traditionally associated with older women, a worrying trend has emerged – a rise in ovarian cancer incidence among younger females in India. This alarming pattern underscores the need for increased awareness and early detection strategies. Younger women often dismiss early symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in menstrual cycles, attributing them to less severe conditions. This can delay diagnosis and treatment, reducing the chances of successful outcomes.
Understanding Ovarian Cancer:
Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries, the female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs. It often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and abdomen, making it harder to treat. Common symptoms include abdominal pain or bloating, changes in bowel habits, feeling full quickly after eating, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss.
When we spoke to Dr Sabhyata Gupta, Chairperson, Gynaecology and GynaeOncology, Medanta, Gurugram, regarding the same, she said, ovarian cancer encompasses various histological subtypes, with high-grade serous carcinoma being the most prevalent. These aggressive cancers are often diagnosed at advanced stages, leading to poorer prognoses. Traditionally, the risk of ovarian cancer increases with age. However, recent data paints a concerning picture. Recognizing these symptoms and understanding the risk factors are crucial for early detection and effective treatment.
The Rise in Younger Patients:
Over the past years, India has witnessed a drastic increase in ovarian cancer among younger women. Several factors contribute to the rising incidence of ovarian cancer in younger women, including lifestyle changes, genetic predispositions, and environmental influences. Additionally, the prevalence of obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are known risk factors that may be influencing this increase. The worrisome aspect is that these factors are likely to persist due to changing lifestyles and socioeconomic trends. Factors like unhealthy eating habits, sedentary lifestyles, and rising obesity are expected to continue.
Several factors are believed to contribute to this rise:
- Metabolic Disruptions: The growing prevalence of metabolic disorders like obesity and metabolic syndrome might be playing a role.
- Hormonal Imbalances: Increased exposure to estrogen, potentially due to delayed childbearing or nulliparity (not having children), could be a risk factor.
- Genetic Predisposition: An increased incidence of genetic mutations, particularly the BRCA mutation, is linked to a higher risk of ovarian cancer at a younger age.
Preventive Measures:
Addressing this trend requires a multifaceted approach. Public health campaigns must emphasize the importance of recognizing symptoms and seeking medical advice promptly. Healthcare providers should consider ovarian cancer in their differential diagnosis even for younger women presenting with related symptoms. Furthermore, implementing routine screenings and promoting genetic testing for high-risk individuals can aid in early detection.
Research into targeted therapies and personalized treatment plans is also critical in improving survival rates and quality of life for young ovarian cancer patients. Studies in Western countries suggest a potential protective effect of oral contraceptive pills on ovarian cancer. However, consulting a doctor is crucial to understand if this approach is suitable.
Additionally, encouraging healthy lifestyle changes is paramount:
- Maintaining a Healthy Weight: Regular physical activity and a balanced diet are essential for weight management.
- Smoking Cessation and Alcohol Reduction: Smoking cessation and moderation of alcohol consumption are significant steps.
- Managing Metabolic Conditions: Early diagnosis and management of metabolic disorders are important.
By tackling these issues head-on, we can hope to reverse the troubling rise in ovarian cancer among younger women in India and globally.
Regular consultations with healthcare professionals are vital to maintain good health and reduce risks associated with ovarian cancer. Remember, early detection is key to successful treatment.
ALSO READ: When is National Cancer Survivors Day 2024? Date, history, significance and all you need to know
