In compliance with the Supreme Court’s directives, giving relaxation in restrictions under Stage-III and Stage-IV of the GRAP, the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) on Monday ordered that state governments in the NCR shall ensure that all classes up to 12th standard are conducted in a “Hybrid” mode i.e., both in “physical” and also in an “online”, wherever online mode is feasible. The option to exercise the online mode of education, wherever available, shall vest with the students and their guardians, the order read.
In compliance with the CAQM order, the Directorate of Education, Government of Delhi issued directions to heads of all government, government-aided, unaided recognised private schools of Directorate of Education, NDMC, MCD and Delhi Cantonment Board regarding conducting classes in hybrid mode for students of all classes with immediate effect till further orders.
SC asks CAQM to consider restarting physical classes
The development comes hours after the apex court asked the CAQM in the national capital region and adjoining areas to consider restarting physical classes in schools and colleges noting students were being deprived of mid-day meals and lacked wherewithal to attend virtual classes.
The restrictions on physical classes of schools and colleges were imposed recently due to severe air pollution. A bench of Justices Abhay S Oka and Augustine George Masih further ordered the CAQM to initiate action against the officials of Delhi government and Delhi police for a "serious lapse" on their part in the strict implementation of GRAP-IV measures.
"It is apparent that the authorities mentioned in GRAP-IV clauses 1, 2 and 3 have made no earnest effort to implement action under clauses 1 to 3. Some police teams were deputed at few entry points that also without any specific instructions. (Court) commissioners have noted that police were only deployed as on November 23 and thus a serious lapse on part of authorities. We, therefore, direct commission to immediately initiate action under Section 14 of CAQM Act 2021," the bench underscored.
A large number of students, it noted, did not have air purifiers at home therefore there being no difference between children at home and those attending schools.
"The CAQM is expected to take a decision during the course of the day or latest by tomorrow morning so that it can be implemented from Wednesday," the bench said.
The top court, however, refused to relax the anti-pollution GRAP-4 restrictions in Delhi-NCR for now and said unless it was satisfied that there was a consistent downward trend in AQI levels, it cannot order curbs to be eased to GRAP-3 or GRAP-2.
Noting several sections of society, especially labourers and daily wagers, were adversely affected due to GRAP-4, the bench directed the state governments, where construction has been banned, to use funds collected as labour cess to provide subsistence to them.
"The commission has all the powers under Section 12(1) of the CAQM Act 2021 to issue directions to various authorities to take several measures to ensure that persons in the category of labour, daily workers, etc.
, do not suffer," the bench said.
The order was passed after senior advocate Menaka Guruswamy, appearing for a group of parents, submitted lakhs of students depended on mid-day meals but had been deprived of food owing to closure of schools. She argued many students did not have air purifiers at home and questioned the composition of members of CAQM while claiming there was no member from the education sector.
Senior advocate Gopal Sankaranarayanan opposed the relaxation of measures and said the air quality inside homes was better than the outside. At the outset, the apex court asked Additional Solicitor General Aishwarya Bhati, representing the Centre, if there was any written order directing police to station permanently at the checkpoints.
The ASG said the police personnel were deployed at 23 major checkpoints. Bhati submitted a chart showing that AQI level in Delhi from November 20 to November 24 revealing the air quality index between ranges 318 and 419.
Senior advocate and amicus curiae Aparajita Singh said the police personnel at several check posts were deployed after court's intervention and there was no clarity on directions. The matter will be heard on November 28.
