1. Know what you want and why
First ask yourself: what salary do you want and why. If you are seeking a raise, you need to articulate the amount you expect and a compelling reason for it (not because the food prices and your flat rent have increased). Do some research to find out what kind of salary are people getting with the same amount of experience, education and responsibilities. If you are underpaid then demonstrate this with data. Demonstrate your worth, by pointing out inefficiencies that your ideas have reduced or new clients you've brought in.
Look for voids that you might fill or problems you might alleviate by getting that promotion or a pay hike.