Scientists have invented a way to spray extremely thin wires made of a plant-based material that could be used in N95 mask filters, devices that harvest energy for electricity, and potentially the creation of human organs.
The method involves spraying methylcellulose, a renewable plastic material derived from plant cellulose, on 3D-printed and other objects ranging from electronics to plants, according to a study, published in the journal Materials Horizons.
"This could be the first step towards 3D manufacturing of organs with the same kinds of amazing properties as those seen in nature," said study senior author Jonathan P Singer from the Rutgers University-New Brunswick in the US.
"In the nearer term, N95 masks are in demand as personal protective equipment during the Covid-19 pandemic, and our spray method could add another level of capture to make filters more effective," Singer added.
According to the researchers, electronics like LEDs and energy harvesters could also similarly benefit.
Thin wires (nanowires) made of soft matter have many applications, including the cilia that keep our lungs clean and the setae (bristly structures) that allow geckos to grip walls.
Such wires have also been used in small triboelectric energy harvesters, with future examples possibly including strips laminated on shoes to charge a cell phone and a door handle sensor that turns on an alarm.
While people have known how to create nanowires since the advent of cotton candy melt spinners, controlling the process has always been limited.
The barrier has been the inability to spray instead of spin such wires.
Singer's Hybrid Micro/Nanomanufacturing Laboratory, in collaboration with engineers at Binghamton University, revealed the fundamental physics to create such sprays.
With methylcellulose, they have created "forests" and foams of nanowires that can be coated on 3D objects.
They also demonstrated that gold nanoparticles could be embedded in wires for optical sensing and coloration.
