The Chinese government killed at least 12 US spies between 2010 and 2012 and imprisoned many, systematically dismantling the CIA's information-gathering operations in China, a media report has said.
It was not clear whether the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was hacked or whether a mole helped the Chinese to identify the agents, officials told the New York Times.
According to the report, intelligence investigators were divided over the cause of the breach and the debate still remains unresolved.
The CIA has not commented on the report, the BBC said on Sunday.
According to former US officials, the Chinese killed at least a dozen of the CIA's sources in two years -- from the final weeks of 2010 through the end of 2012.
One of the informants was shot in the courtyard of a government building as a warning to others, the NYT report quoted an official.
The Chinese killed or imprisoned 18 to 20 of the CIA's sources in China, the report quoted former senior US officials.
Four former CIA officials spoke to the newspaper, telling it that information from sources deep inside the Chinese government started to dry up in 2010. Informants began to disappear in early 2011.
The CIA and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) teamed up to investigate the events in an operation one source said was codenamed "Honey Badger."
The report said this investigation had centred on one former CIA operative but there was not enough evidence to arrest him. He now lives in another Asian country.
In 2012, an official at China's Security Ministry was arrested on suspicion of spying for the US. He was said to have been lured into the CIA.
No other such arrests appear to have reached public attention during that time.
Matt Apuzzo, a New York Times journalist who worked on the story, told the BBC: "One of the really troubling things about this is that we still don't know what happened."
"There's a divide within the American government over whether there was a mole inside the CIA or whether this was a tradecraft problem, that the CIA agents got sloppy and got discovered, or whether the Chinese managed to hack communications," Apuzzo said.
A few years later in 2015, the CIA pulled staff out of the US embassy in Beijing, after a hack blamed on the Chinese state exposed information about millions of US federal employees.
If the events of 2010-2012 were helped by a similar hack, it was not one that was made public.
The disappearance of so many spies damaged a network it had taken years to build up, the report said, and hampered operations for years afterwards.
It even prompted questions from within the Barcak Obama administration as to why intelligence had slowed.
Officials said it was one of the worst security breaches of recent years.
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