Although full details are yet to emerge, the rapidity and intensity of explosion and resultant damage sustained by the submarine indicate that the personnel would not have survived.
Antony said globally-renowned salvage agencies have been approached and they are undertaking survey for salvage operations.
There is also an offer of help from Russia, where the refit and upgrade of the submarine had been undertaken, Antony told Parliament.
The submarine is presently resting on its bottom and "partially submerged" next to the jetty.
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